This bidding quiz is all about Fourth-suit Forcing.
Suppose the bidding starts 1♥ – 1♠ – 2♣. As responder, you have already shown your spades; you have enough points for game, but cannot yet tell which game will be best. What can you do?
Subsequent three-level bids in one of the suits already shown (3♣, 3♥, 3♠) will invite a game, but they will not be forcing. The answer is to bid the fourth suit, 2♦ here. This is artificial and has nothing to do with your holding in diamonds. It is forcing-to-game (easily the best way to play it). Both players can now continue to exchange information, before deciding on the best game or possibly a slam.